![]() ![]() Manumit/Manumission – This word refers to freeing an individual or group of enslaved African Americans by will, purchase, legal petition, or legislation. Gradual Emancipation – Ending slavery over a period of years, such as freeing them when they reached 21 years of age or after a specified period of years. Gin – Separate the seeds from the fiber in cotton. The language employed was key in attempts to preserve the view that the law was on the side of slaveholding society - which it was - while reinforcing the view that the “fugitive” was incapable of acting responsibly in a society governed by the rule of law. Congress and suggested that the “fugitive” was a criminal to escape bondage. ![]() The term was attached to the various Fugitive Slave Laws passed by the U.S. ![]() During the Civil War, emancipation was often limited to certain types of slaves or particular areas.įugitive – A common term in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that is still used today to describe the freedom seeker. Emancipation may or may not include the abolition of the institution of slavery. The term “contraband” continued to be used throughout the war for former slaves.Įmancipation – Freeing slaves in law or fact. The federal government later expanded the categories of slaves not to be returned or who were declared free. Instead, he labeled the fugitive slaves, whom the Confederacy considered property, “contraband of war” (i.e., seized property) if their masters would not pledge loyalty to the Union. In May 1861, Union General Benjamin Butler refused to comply with the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which required the return of escaped slaves to their owners. A Conductor need not have been a member of an organized section of the Underground Railroad, only someone who provided an element of guidance to the freedom seeker.Ĭontrabands – Slaves who had escaped across Union lines or who had been captured by Union forces and were not returned to their owners. The activist might come from any ethnic, political, or religious group.Ĭoffle – A group of enslaved individuals transported together for sale.Ĭonductor – An individual who escorted or guided freedom seekers between Underground Railroad stations or safe houses. ![]() The activist might be a southerner and could be the spouse or child of a slaveholder. This person might, on occasion, help a freedom seeker. The abolitionist may act on his/her anti-slavery principles by helping individuals to escape from slavery, joining Anti-Slavery groups, or, in some cases, taking their position even further, such as the radical John Brown, who fought in what has become known as Bleeding Kansas before the Civil War.Īfrican Diaspora – The dispersal of Africans in the New World.Īnti-slavery Activist – This refers to a person morally or politically opposed to slavery. An abolitionist took a political position and was likely politically active. Constitution formally abolished slavery in the United States on December 6, 1865.Ībolitionist – This term is different from an anti-slavery activist. Also included are other items that provide brief descriptions and links to more information.ġ3th Amendment – This Amendment to the U.S. Other terms are so rarely heard today that many modern readers have never heard them. While some of these terms may seem self-explanatory, the words were often used differently in the mid-1800s when it came to the institution of slavery in the United States. ![]()
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